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An International Nonproprietary Name (INN) is an official generic and nonproprietary name given to a pharmaceutical drug or active ingredient. INNs make communication more precise by providing a unique standard name for each active ingredient, to avoid prescribing errors. The INN system has been coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 1953. Having unambiguious standard names for each drug is important because a drug may be sold by many different brand names, or a branded medication may contain more than one drug. For example, the branded medications Celexa, Celapram and Citrol all contain the same active ingredient: citalopram; and the branded preparation Lemsip contains two active ingredients: paracetamol and phenylephrine. Each drug's INN is unique but may contain a word stem that is shared with other drugs of the same class, for example the beta blocker drugs propranolol and atenolol share the ''-olol'' suffix, and the benzodiazepine drugs lorazepam and diazepam share the ''-azepam'' suffix. The WHO issues INNs in English, Latin, French, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, and Chinese, and a drug's INNs are often cognate across most or all of the languages, with minor spelling or pronunciation differences, for example: "paracetamol" (en) "paracetamolum" (la), "paracétamol" (fr) and "парацетамол" (ru). An established INN is known as an rINN (''recommended'' INN), while a name that is still being considered is called a pINN (''proposed'' INN). ==Name stems== Drugs from the same therapeutic or chemical class are usually given names with the same ''stem''. Stems are mostly placed word-finally, but in some cases word-initial stems are used. They are collected in a publication informally known as the ''Stem Book''. Examples are:〔 * ''-anib'' for angiogenesis inhibitors (e.g. pazopanib) * ''-anserin'' for serotonin receptor antagonists, especially 5-HT2 antagonists (e.g. ritanserin and mianserin) * ''-arit'' for antiarthritic agents (e.g. lobenzarit) * ''-ase'' for enzymes (e.g. asparaginase) * ''-azepam'' for benzodiazepines (e.g. diazepam and oxazepam) * ''-caine'' for local anaesthetics (e.g. procaine or cocaine) * ''-cain-'' for class I antiarrhythmics (e.g. procainamide) * ''-coxib'' for COX-2 inhibitors, a type of anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g. celecoxib) * ''-mab'' for monoclonal antibodies (e.g. infliximab); see Nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies * ''-navir'' for antiretroviral protease inhibitors (e.g. darunavir) * ''-olol'' for beta blockers (e.g. atenolol) * ''-pril'' for ACE inhibitors (e.g. captopril) * ''-sartan'' for angiotensin II receptor antagonists (e.g. losartan) * ''-tinib'' for tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g. imatinib) * ''-vastatin'' for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, a group of cholesterol lowering agents (e.g. simvastatin) * ''-vir'' for antivirals (e.g. aciclovir or ritonavir) * ''arte-'' for artemisinin antimalarials (e.g. artemether) * ''cef-'' for cefalosporins (e.g. cefalexin) * ''io-'' for iodine-containing radiopharmaceuticals (e.g. iobenguane) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「International Nonproprietary Name」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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